Introduction
Stepping into college as the first in your family to do so is a momentous achievement—and a journey filled with new experiences, questions, and challenges. If your parents didn’t attend college, you’re likely considered a first-generation college student. While the path might feel uncertain, you’re far from alone. In fact, about one in four college students in the U.S. falls into this category.
From navigating applications to understanding financial aid, first-gen students often take the lead in uncharted territory. But here’s the good news: you can do it—and you don’t have to do it alone. Colleges, nonprofits, and dedicated resources exist specifically to support students like you. This guide will walk you through the essentials of applying to college as a first-gen student and help you start this life-changing journey with confidence.
Applying to College as a First-Generation Student
Understanding What It Means to Be First-Generation
Being a first-generation college student usually means your parents didn’t complete a bachelor’s degree. Some schools define it even more specifically, considering factors like whether your parents went to college in another country or whether you were raised by a single parent without a college education. Knowing how your target colleges define this term is key, as it may affect your eligibility for certain resources, scholarships, and support programs.
Getting Started Early: Planning Ahead
The earlier you begin planning for college, the smoother your journey will be. Ideally, start your research as early as your sophomore year in high school. Take the time to explore colleges, understand what they offer, and begin to shape what kind of experience you’re looking for.
Ask yourself:
Do I want a large or small school?
What kind of campus environment would I thrive in?
Are there majors and extracurriculars that align with my goals?
Academic Preparation and Testing
To keep your academic path on track:
Regularly meet with your school counselor to ensure you’re meeting graduation and college admission requirements.
If your prospective colleges require standardized tests like the SAT or ACT, plan ahead to take them, and prepare using free resources or prep classes.
Not all colleges require test scores now, but some still recommend or accept them. Knowing each school’s policy can help you decide whether to include scores in your application.
Financial Aid and Scholarships
Paying for college can be one of the biggest concerns for first-generation students, but there are plenty of ways to reduce the cost. Your first step is to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). This form determines your eligibility for federal grants, student loans, and work-study opportunities.
In addition to federal aid, search for scholarships—especially those created for first-gen students. Many organizations offer awards for students just like you, including:
The Sallie Mae Fund’s Completing the Dream Gap Scholarship
Esperanza Scholarship Foundation
National Society of High School Scholars First-Generation Scholarship
Applying for multiple scholarships, even small ones, can add up and significantly ease financial pressure.
College Visits and Research
If it’s possible, visiting campuses in person can help you get a feel for a college’s environment. But if travel isn’t an option, look for virtual tours and information sessions. You can also attend local college fairs or meet with college reps visiting your school.
These are great chances to ask questions, like:
What support systems are in place for first-gen students?
Are there orientation programs or mentoring options?
Application Preparation
As you begin working on applications, make sure to:
Familiarize yourself with the Common App, which lets you apply to many colleges with one central application.
Collect all needed materials early—transcripts, recommendation letters, test scores (if applicable), and personal essays.
Track all deadlines closely, including those for early decision or early action, if you plan to apply that way.
Writing Your Personal Essay
Your college essay is a chance to show more than just your grades. It’s your opportunity to tell your story—what it means to be the first in your family to go to college, and how your experiences shaped your goals and values.
Instead of using general statements, dig into specific experiences. Maybe you worked a part-time job to support your family, or took care of siblings while keeping up with school. These moments demonstrate your drive and resilience. Be honest, personal, and reflective.
After writing, ask a trusted teacher, mentor, or counselor to read your essay. Feedback from someone familiar with college admissions can help you make sure your story shines.
Letters of Recommendation and Interviews
Choose teachers or mentors who know your character and academic growth. Give them plenty of time to write letters and provide them with context about your goals.
Some colleges may ask for interviews. To prepare:
Practice with a teacher or friend
Review common interview questions
Be ready to talk about your background and aspirations
It’s okay to feel nervous—just be authentic and honest about your journey.
Making the Final Push: Submitting Applications
Before hitting “submit,” double-check everything. Review spelling, grammar, and completeness. Ensure each college has received your materials, including test scores and letters of recommendation.
If you’re placed on a waitlist or deferred, follow the college’s next steps. And when that acceptance comes in, celebrate! Then, get ready for the next phase—enrollment.
Summer Bridge and Orientation Programs
Many colleges offer special summer programs for first-gen students before the school year begins. These range from a few days to a few weeks and can help you:
Learn how to navigate the college system
Meet other first-gen peers and faculty
Get comfortable with campus life
If your school offers one, it’s highly recommended to attend. It’s a great way to build community and get a head start on your transition.
Support Programs Worth Exploring
Several organizations are dedicated to supporting first-gen students through the entire journey. For example:
College Track works with students from high school through early career to provide mentorship, academic support, and career guidance.
Let’s Get Ready offers free SAT prep and mentorship from college students who’ve walked a similar path.
America Needs You provides a Fellows Program that supports first-gen college students with grants, internships, and professional mentoring.
These programs can offer the kind of one-on-one guidance and encouragement that makes a huge difference.